Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)

Also known as: Complex regional pain syndrome, CRPS, CRPS type 1, CRPS type 2, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Causalgia, Sudeck atrophy

Complex regional pain syndrome is a chronic pain condition, usually affecting one limb after an injury, fracture, surgery or sometimes no clear trigger. Pain is disproportionate to the original event and is accompanied by changes in skin colour, temperature, sweating, swelling, nail and hair growth, and reduced movement; the Budapest clinical criteria are used for diagnosis [1][2]. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management matter: graded physiotherapy and rehabilitation are the foundation, supported by medicines such as neuropathic pain agents, and psychological support where pain affects mood and function [1][2][3]. Acupuncture has been studied as an adjunct for pain and function in CRPS, with small trials and reviews suggesting possible benefit, though evidence quality is limited and it should sit alongside, never instead of, conventional rehabilitation [4][5]. In Chinese medicine CRPS corresponds to Bì Zhèng 痹证 (obstruction syndrome) with pronounced Blood stasis, where trauma obstructs the channels of the limb, complicated by Qi stagnation, and in later stages by deficiency of Qi, Blood, Liver and Kidney.