Question 1

What is adhesive capsulitis?

Accepted Answer

Adhesive capsulitis, or frozen shoulder, is a condition causing progressive shoulder pain and restriction of both active and passive glenohumeral movement [3].

Question 2

What movement is commonly most restricted?

Accepted Answer

External rotation is commonly particularly restricted, although abduction, flexion and internal rotation may also be substantially reduced [3].

Question 3

How long can frozen shoulder last?

Accepted Answer

Symptoms commonly persist for many months and may take up to several years to resolve. The duration and degree of recovery vary between individuals [3].

Question 4

Who is at greater risk?

Accepted Answer

Risk is increased in people with diabetes and thyroid disease and after shoulder injury, surgery, stroke or prolonged immobilisation [3].

Question 5

What are the main biomedical treatments?

Accepted Answer

Management may include education, analgesia, physiotherapy-guided exercise, corticosteroid injection, hydrodilatation and, for persistent severe cases, manipulation under anaesthesia or arthroscopic capsular release [3].

Question 6

What are common TCM patterns?

Accepted Answer

Common patterns include Qi stagnation and Blood stasis, Cold-Damp Bi syndrome, Phlegm-Damp obstruction, Qi-Blood deficiency and Liver-Kidney deficiency [5].

Question 7

Which acupuncture points may be considered?

Accepted Answer

Pattern-dependent points may include LI15, SJ14, SI9, SI10, LI14, GB21, LI4, ST38, GB34 and distal constitutional points [5].

Question 8

Can acupuncture cure frozen shoulder?

Accepted Answer

Acupuncture may be considered as adjunctive pain and rehabilitation support, but evidence is insufficient to claim it reliably cures capsular fibrosis or replaces rehabilitation and medical care [5].

Question 9

Should the shoulder be stretched forcefully?

Accepted Answer

No. Aggressive stretching through severe pain can cause major flare-ups. Mobility work should be graded according to the condition's irritability and professional rehabilitation advice [3].

Question 10

When is shoulder pain an emergency?

Accepted Answer

Emergency assessment is needed when shoulder pain accompanies chest symptoms, breathlessness, collapse, major trauma, deformity, vascular changes, fever, severe swelling or progressive neurological loss [3].

No es translation yet

No `es` translation yet